Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare multisystemic chronic immune-mediated rheumatic disease. Although it is not common, it has the highest mortality and morbidity rate among systemic rheumatic diseases. This review aimed to analyze the results of multiple preclinical trials and clinical data on Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors in SSc treatment and provides a comprehensive overview of JAK inhibitors as a new treatment option in SSc.
References
1
Knuuti J. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).Russ J Cardiol.2020;25(2):3557.
2
Gulati M, Levy PD, Mukherjee D, et al. 2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.Circulation.2021;144(22):e368-e454. Erratum in:Circulation. 2023;148(24):e281.
3
Narula J, Chandrashekhar Y, Ahmadi A, et al. SCCT 2021 expert consensus document on coronary computed tomographic angiography: a report of the society of cardiovascular computed tomography.J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2021;15(3):192-217.
4
Pack JD, Xu M, Wang G, Baskaran L, Min J, De Man B. Cardiac CT blooming artifacts: clinical significance, root causes and potential solutions.Vis Comput Ind Biomed Art. 2022;5(1):29.
5
Gilard M, Cornily JC, Pennec PY, et al. Assessment of coronary artery stents by 16 slice computed tomography.Heart. 2006;92(1):58-61.
6
Mergen V, Sartoretti T, Baer-Beck M, et al. Ultra-High-Resolution Coronary CT angiography with photon-counting detector CT: feasibility and image characterization.Invest Radiol. 2022;57(12):780-788.
7
Boccalini S, Si-Mohamed SA, Lacombe H, et al. First in-human results of computed tomography angiography for coronary stent assessment with a spectral photon counting computed tomography.Invest Radiol. 2022;57(4):212-221.
8
Geering L, Sartoretti T, Mergen V, et al. First in-vivo coronary stent imaging with clinical ultra high resolution photon-counting CT.J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr.2023;17(3):233-235.
9
Decker JA, O’Doherty J, Schoepf UJ, et al. Stent imaging on a clinical dual-source photon-counting detector CT system-impact of luminal attenuation and sharp kernels on lumen visibility.Eur Radiol. 2023;33(4):2469-2477.
10
Hagar MT, Soschynski M, Saffar R, et al. Ultra-high-resolution photon-counting detector CT in evaluating coronary stent patency: a comparison to invasive coronary angiography.Eur Radiol.2024;34(7):4273-4283.
11
Stein T, Taron J, Verloh N, et al. Photon-counting computed tomography of coronary and peripheral artery stents: a phantom study.Sci Rep.2023;13(1):14806.
12
McCollough C, Bakalyar DM, Bostani M, et al. Use of water equivalent diameter for calculating patient size and size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) in CT: the report of AAPM Task Group 220.AAPM Rep. 2014;2014:6-23.
13
Leschka S, Kim CH, Baumueller S, et al. Scan Length Adjustment of CT coronary angiography using the calcium scoring scan: effect on radiation dose.AJRAm J Roentgenol. ;194(3):272-277.
14
Hagar MT, Soschynski M, Benndorf M, et al. Enhancing radiation dose efficiency in prospective ECG-triggered coronary CT angiography using calcium-scoring CT.Diagnostics (Basel).2023;13(12):2062.
15
Mannil M, Hickethier T, von Spiczak J, et al. Photon-counting CT: high-resolution imaging of coronary stents.Invest Radiol.2018;53(3):143-149.
16
Symons R, De Bruecker Y, Roosen J, et al. Quarter-millimeter spectral coronary stent imaging with photon-counting CT: Initial experience.J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr.2018;12(6):509-515.
17
Petritsch B, Petri N, Weng AM, et al. Photon-counting computed tomography for coronary stent imaging: in vitro evaluation of 28 coronary stents.Invest Radiol. ;56(10):653-660.
18
Koons EK, Thorne JE, Huber NR, et al. Quantifying lumen diameter in coronary artery stents with high-resolution photon counting detector CT and convolutional neural network denoising.Med Phys.2023;50(7):4173-4181.
19
Qin L, Zhou S, Dong H, et al. Improvement of coronary stent visualization using ultra-high-resolution photon-counting detector CT.Eur Radiol.
20
Rajiah PS, Dunning CAS, Rajendran K, et al. High-Pitch Multienergy Coronary CT angiography in dual-source photon-counting detector CT scanner at low iodinated contrast dose.Invest Radiol.2023;58(9):681-690.
21
Ochs MM, Andre F, Korosoglou G, et al. Strengths and limitations of coronary angiography with turbo high-pitch third-generation dual-source CT.Clin Radiol.2017;72(9):739-744.
22
Halfmann MC, Bockius S, Emrich T, et al. Ultrahigh-spatial-resolution photon-counting detector CT angiography of coronary artery disease for stenosis assessment.Radiology.2024;310(2):e231956.
23
Mergen V, Eberhard M, Manka R, Euler A, Alkadhi H. First in-human quantitative plaque characterization with ultra-high resolution coronary photon-counting CT angiography.Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9:981012.
24
Hagar MT, Soschynski M, Saffar R, et al. Accuracy of ultrahigh-resolution photon-counting CT for detecting coronary artery disease in a high-risk population.Radiology.2;307(5):e223305.
25
Eberhard M, Candreva A, Rajagopal R, et al. Coronary stenosis quantification with ultra-high-resolution photon-counting detector CT angiography.JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2024;17:342-344.
26
Elias Michael A, Schoenbeck D, Michael Woeltjen M. Photon counting computed tomography of in-stent-stenosis in a phantom: Optimal virtual monoenergetic imaging in ultra high resolution.Heliyon. 2024;10(6):e27636.